Tughlaq dynasty was founded by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. Ghiyasudddin maintained peace and order in Delhi by implementing liberal administration policies. He strengthened the border to prevent Mongol invasions. He built irrigation canals for the benefit of the farmers and lowered the taxes. He established the postal system consisting of horsemen and runners. He built Tughlaqabad fort near Delhi. He conquered Madurai and Warangal and maintained law and order in Gujarath and Bengal. The other important rulers of this dynasty are Mohammed bin Tughlaq and Firoze Tughlaq.
Mohammed bin Tughlaq
He was a scholar of Persian and Arabic languages. He was an expert in mathematics, physics, medicine, Persian poetry, astronomy and other subjects. Though he was a man of knowledge, he had a few abnormalities in his personality. He was thinking ahead of his time, often centuries ahead. But, his officials neither had the integrity nor the maturity to implement his plans.
Administrative Reforms
Do you know this?Taxes:1. Kharaj - land tax on non Muslims2. Ushra - Agricultural tax on Muslims3. Zakhat - Property tax on Muslim subjects4. Jisziya - Religious tax on Hindus
Revenue Reforms: An official record that had all the details of lands of the empire was implemented by him. He established department of agriculture. The uncultivated lands were made cultivable. Various schemes were implemented to provide financial assistance to the farmers. But, the farmers of Do-ab had to pay higher land taxes during his time.
Shifting of his Capital: Mohammed bin Tughlaq shifted his capital from Delhi to Devagiri in central India. There are two main reasons behind this move: to establish the capital city at the centre of the vast empire, and to protect the capital city from foreign invasions. Though the plan was good, proper precautions were not taken to implement this. As a result, innumerable common people suffered severely.
Experiment of Symbolic Coins: The value of the currency was made adjusted to value of gold and silver coins in circulation of his time. He brought gold coin named ‘Dinar’ and silver coin named ‘Adli’ into circulation. The coins were aesthetically designed. After few years, the copper and brass coins were also brought into circulation symbolically.
Then, minting coins was not vested with the government alone.Families who had traditional rights to mint coins were also there.The coins were minted more than the required number without the permission of the Sultan. This resulted in chaos. The state treasury became empty due to costly administrative experiments, severe drought, the shifting of the capital city, the process of relocating the capital back, and other measures.
Deccan Policy: Mohammed bin Tughlaq implemented his administration in the areas conquered by him in Deccan. He had conquered Warangal, the capital of Kakatiyas. He also destroyed the Dwarasamudra, the capital city of Hoysalas. Madurai of the South India was conquered and Jalaluddin Hassansha was named as the governor. Mohammed bin Tughlaq was the first Delhi Sultan to establish vast empire in India. Mohammed bin Tughalq organised a big army. There were twenty seven rebellions in south India during his last eleven years of rule. These rebellions led to the rise of Vijayanagara and Bhamani kingdoms.
Later Tughlaqs: Firoze Shah Tughlaq who ascended the throne after Mohammed bin Tughalq implemented numerous people friendly programmes. He waived off Takkavi loans for the benefit of his subjects. He paid compensation to the victims of Mohammed -bin -Tughlaq’s invasions The private mines used to be taxed and also taxes were collected for providing irrigation facilities. He abolished around twenty different taxes along with these two.
He built many cities, masques, madrassas, dams, and irrigationcanals. Jonpur, Fatehbad, Hissar, Firozepur, Firozedabaad were thefew important cities built by him. Jonpur was a famous learning centre then. Dharmshalas were built for the benefit of travellers.
Mohammed bin Tughlaq
He was a scholar of Persian and Arabic languages. He was an expert in mathematics, physics, medicine, Persian poetry, astronomy and other subjects. Though he was a man of knowledge, he had a few abnormalities in his personality. He was thinking ahead of his time, often centuries ahead. But, his officials neither had the integrity nor the maturity to implement his plans.
Administrative Reforms
Do you know this?Taxes:1. Kharaj - land tax on non Muslims2. Ushra - Agricultural tax on Muslims3. Zakhat - Property tax on Muslim subjects4. Jisziya - Religious tax on Hindus
Revenue Reforms: An official record that had all the details of lands of the empire was implemented by him. He established department of agriculture. The uncultivated lands were made cultivable. Various schemes were implemented to provide financial assistance to the farmers. But, the farmers of Do-ab had to pay higher land taxes during his time.
Shifting of his Capital: Mohammed bin Tughlaq shifted his capital from Delhi to Devagiri in central India. There are two main reasons behind this move: to establish the capital city at the centre of the vast empire, and to protect the capital city from foreign invasions. Though the plan was good, proper precautions were not taken to implement this. As a result, innumerable common people suffered severely.
Experiment of Symbolic Coins: The value of the currency was made adjusted to value of gold and silver coins in circulation of his time. He brought gold coin named ‘Dinar’ and silver coin named ‘Adli’ into circulation. The coins were aesthetically designed. After few years, the copper and brass coins were also brought into circulation symbolically.
Then, minting coins was not vested with the government alone.Families who had traditional rights to mint coins were also there.The coins were minted more than the required number without the permission of the Sultan. This resulted in chaos. The state treasury became empty due to costly administrative experiments, severe drought, the shifting of the capital city, the process of relocating the capital back, and other measures.
Deccan Policy: Mohammed bin Tughlaq implemented his administration in the areas conquered by him in Deccan. He had conquered Warangal, the capital of Kakatiyas. He also destroyed the Dwarasamudra, the capital city of Hoysalas. Madurai of the South India was conquered and Jalaluddin Hassansha was named as the governor. Mohammed bin Tughlaq was the first Delhi Sultan to establish vast empire in India. Mohammed bin Tughalq organised a big army. There were twenty seven rebellions in south India during his last eleven years of rule. These rebellions led to the rise of Vijayanagara and Bhamani kingdoms.
Later Tughlaqs: Firoze Shah Tughlaq who ascended the throne after Mohammed bin Tughalq implemented numerous people friendly programmes. He waived off Takkavi loans for the benefit of his subjects. He paid compensation to the victims of Mohammed -bin -Tughlaq’s invasions The private mines used to be taxed and also taxes were collected for providing irrigation facilities. He abolished around twenty different taxes along with these two.
He built many cities, masques, madrassas, dams, and irrigationcanals. Jonpur, Fatehbad, Hissar, Firozepur, Firozedabaad were thefew important cities built by him. Jonpur was a famous learning centre then. Dharmshalas were built for the benefit of travellers.
ಕಾಮೆಂಟ್ಗಳು
ಕಾಮೆಂಟ್ ಪೋಸ್ಟ್ ಮಾಡಿ